Spondylolisthesis

Spondylolisthesis is a medical condition where an anterior vertebra slips out of alignment in the spinal column and slides over the bone below. This malalignment then causes compression of the spinal cord or nerve roots. Spondylolisthesis can be the result of congenital disorders affecting joints, infections, or arthritis, or from trauma and overuse, leading to stress fractures or herniated discs. 

Oftentimes found in the lower back, or lumbar or sacral region of the spine, the most common symptoms include radiating lower back and/or leg pain, mobility issues, weakness and numbness in the lower back, and even loss of bladder or bowel control in more severe cases. 

Non-surgical care, such as rest, bracing to immobilize the spine, physical therapy, and pain management, like epidural steroid injections, can alleviate symptoms and improve motion for a full recovery. With severe slippage, surgery may be recommended. A laminectomy can reduce irritation and inflammation in the nerve roots or spinal cord area, while a spinal fusion joins vertebrae to stabilize the affected area. Rest, bracing, rehabilitation, and specific exercises are recommended post-surgery to strengthen the back and abdominal muscles for improved recovery results.