Spinal fusion is a surgical procedure developed to stabilize the spine and eliminate movement between the bones of the spine, or vertebral segments. Injuries to spinal vertebrae, deformities of the spine, such as scoliosis or kyphosis, spine-related infections or tumors, and spinal disc protrusion and degeneration can all call for a spinal fusion. As an inpatient procedure, spinal fusion is accomplished by permanently joining, or fusing, two or more vertebrae, using bone grafts between the vertebrae to be fused, and then attaching metal rods with screws to keep the affected vertebrae immobilized while the fusion progresses. It is important to note that most spinal fusions involve only small segments of the spine and do not significantly limit motion.